Electric Current (I) The rate of flow of charge through any cross-section of a wire is called electric current flowing through it. Electric current (I) = q / t. Its SI unit is ampere (A). The conventional direction of electric current is...

Charge Charge is that property of an object by virtue of which it apply electrostatic force of interaction on other objects. Charges are of two types (i) Positive charge (ii) Negative charge Like charges repel and unlike charges...

Deforming Force A force which produces a change in configuration of the object on applying it, is called a deforming force. Elasticity Elasticity is that property of the object by virtue of which it regain its original configuration after...

Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is called the force of gravitation. Gravitation is one of the four classes of interactions found in nature. These are (i) the gravitational force (ii)...

Wave A wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. There are three types of waves Mechanical Waves Those waves which require a material medium...

Periodic Motion A motion which repeats itself identically after a fixed interval of time is called periodic motion. e.g., orbital motion of the earth around the sun, motion of arms of a clock, motion of a simple pendulum etc. Oscillatory...

Methods of Heat Transmission There are three methods of heat transmission (i) Conduction In solids, heat is transmitted from temperature to lower temperature without actual movements the particles. This mode of transmission of heat....

The branch of physics which deals with the study of transformation of heat energy into other forms of energy and vice-versa. A thermodynamical system is said to be in thermal equilibrium when macroscopic variables (like pressure, volume,...

Assumptions of Kinetic Theory of Gases Every gas consists of extremely small particles known as molecules. The molecules of a given gas are all identical but are different from those of another gas. The molecules of a gas are identical...

The branch dealing with measurement of temperature is called thremometry and the devices used to measure temperature are called thermometers. Heat Heat is a form of energy called thermal energy which flows from a higher temperature body to a...

Surface tension is the property of any liquid by virtue of which tries to minimize its free surface area.   Surface tension of a liquid is measured as the force acting per length on an imaginary line drawn tangentially on the...

Viscosity The property of a fluid by virtue of which an internal frictional force acts between its different layers which opposes their relative motion is called viscosity. These internal frictional force is called viscous force. Viscous...

Fluids Fluids are those substances which can flow when an external force is applied on it. Liquids and gases are fluids. Fluids do not have finite shape but takes the shape of the containing vessel, The total normal force exerted by...

Centre of Mass Centre of mass of a system is the point that behaves as whole mass of the system is concentrated at it and all external forces are acting on it. For rigid bodies, centre of mass is independent of the state of the body i.e.,...

Work When a force acts on an object and the object actually moves in the direction of force, then the work is said to be done by the force. Work done by the force is equal to the product of the force and the displacement of the object in the...

Inertia The property of an object by virtue of which it cannot change its state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line its own, is called inertia. Inertia is a measure of mass of a body. Greater the mass of a body greater will...

Projectile Motion When any object is thrown from horizontal at an angle θ except 90°, then the path followed by it is called trajectory, the object is called projectile and its motion is called projectile motion. If any object...

Motion If an object changes its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called in motion. Rest If an object does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time, then it is called at rest. [Rest...

Those physical quantities which require magnitude as well as direction for their complete representation and follows vector laws are called vectors. Vector can be divided into two types 1. Polar Vectors These are those vectors which...

Units. A definite amount of a physical quantity is taken as its standard unit. The standard unit should be easily reproducible, internationally accepted. Fundamental Units Those physical quantities which are independent to each other...