Coordination compounds are those addition molecular compounds which retain their identity in solid state as well as in dissolved state. In these compounds. the central metal atom or ion is linked by ions or molecules with coordinate bonds. e.g.,...

The d-block of the Periodic Table contains the elements of the groups 3-12 in which the d·orbitals are progressively filled. There are mainly three series of the elements, 3d-series (Sc to Zn) 4d-series (Y to Cd) and 5d-series (La to Hg...

Earth crust is the source of many elements. Out of these elements, 70% are metals. Aluminium is the most abundant metal of earth crust and iron comes second. The percentage of different elements in earth crust are O-49%, Si-26%, Al-7.5%,...

Surface Chemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with the phenomenon that occurs on the surfaces or interfaces, such phenomenon includes corrosion. catalysis, crystallisation, etc Adsorption Due to unbalanced attraction forces,...

The branch of chemistry, which deals with the rate of chemical reactions. the factors affecting the rate of reactions and the mechanism of the reaction. is called chemical kinetics. Chemical Reactions on the Basis of Rate of...

Electrochemistry is that branch of chemistry which deals with the study of production of electricity from energy released during spontaneous chemical reactions and the use of electrical energy to bring about non-spontaneous chemical...

Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in same or different physical phases. The substances forming the solution are called components of the solution. On the basis of number of components a solution of two components is called...

Solids Solids are the chemical substances which are characterised by define shape and volume, rigidity, high density, low compressibility. The constituent particles (atoms, molecules or ions) are closely packed and held together by strong...

Introduction The branch of chemistry which deals with the identification of constituents of a substance and calculation of their amounts is called analytical chemistry. Branches of Analytical Chemistry The branches of analytical chemistry...

The branch of chemistry which deals with the study of composition of atomic nucleus, nuclear forces, nuclear reactions and radioactive materials, is called nuclear chemistry. Nucleons and Nuclear Forces Protons and neutrons which reside in the...

Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only, e.g., alkane, alkene and alkynes. Classification of Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkanes are saturated, open chain hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon single bonds....

Organic compounds extracted from a natural source or synthesized in the laboratory requires purification. Various methods are used for the purification and are based on the nature of the compound and the impurity present in it. The purity of a...

Environmental chemistry is the branch of chemistry which is concerned with the chemical phenomenon occurring in the environment. Classification of Environment 1.Atmosphere Atmosphere is Ii gaseous mixture of air that surrounds the earth....

In p-block elements, the last electron enters in the outermost p-orbital .. There are six groups of p-block elements in the Periodic Table, numbering from 13 to 18. Their valence shell electronic configuration is ns2np1 – 6 (except...

In the s-block elements the last electron enters in the s-orbital. As the s-orbital can accommodate only two electrons, two groups (1 and 2) belong to the s-block, The general electronic configuration of s-block elements is nsl or...

It was discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766 by the action of dilute H2O4 on iron. It was named ‘inflammable air’, Lavoisier gave it the name hydrogen (Creek: Hydra = water, gennas = producer]. It occurs in free state as well as in...

A colloid is a heterogeneous system in which one substance is dispersed (disperse phase) as very fine particles in another substance called dispersion medium. The study of the colloidal state of matter was started by Thomas...

Chemical reactions which involves both oxidation as well as reduction process simultaneously, are known as redox reactions (‘red’) from reduction and ‘ox’ from oxidation). All these reactions are always accompanied by energy...

The equilibrium established between the unionised molecules and the ions in the solution of weak electrolytes is called ionic equilibrium. e.g., CH3 COOH ⇔ CH3COO– + H– Electrolytes Chemrcal...

Physical and Chemical Processes Physical processes involve such changes, which only affects the physical properties of the substance undergoing changes but have no effect on the chemical composition and properties. Chemical processes involve...