Displacement Current It is a current which produces in the region in which the electric field and hence the electric flux changes with time. Displacement current, ID = εo . dφE / dt where, φE is the...

It is the branch of science which deals with the electron flow through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor. Classification of substances on the basis of conduction of electricity. Solid We know that, each substance is composed of atoms....

Nucleus The entire positive charge and nearly the entire mass of atom is concentrated in a very small space called the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. They are called nucleons. Terms Related to...

Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are consists of very small invisible particles, called atoms. Atoms of same element are exactly same and atoms of different element are different. Thomson’s Atomic Model Every atom is...

Cathode Rays Cathode rays are the stream of fast moving electrons. These rays are produced in a discharge tube at a pressure below 0.01 rom of mercury. Properties of Cathode Rays (i) Cathode rays are not electromagnetic rays. (ii)...

Wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. The speed of light in a medium depends upon...

Light Light is a form of energy eyes. which produces the Sources of light are of three types-thermal sources and luminescent sources. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Characteristics of Light Light waves...

Transient Current An electric current which vary for a small finite time, while growing from zero to maximum or decaying from maximum to zero, is called a transient current. Growth of Current in an Inductor Growth of current in an inductor...

Whenever the magnetic flux linked with an electric circuit changes, an emf is induced in the circuit. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction. Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction (i) Whenever the magnetic flux...

The property of any object by virtue of which it can attract a piece of iron or steel is called magnetism. Natural Magnet A natural magnet is an ore of iron (Fe3O4), which attracts small pieces of iron, cobalt and nickel towards...

Oersted’s Experiment A magnetic field is produced in the surrounding of any current carrying conductor. The direction of this magnetic field can be obtained by Ampere’s swimming rule. SI unit of magnetic field is Wm-2 or T...

Heating Effects of Current When current 1 flows through a conductor of resistance R for a time t then heat generated in it is given by where, V = potential difference applied across the end, of the conductor. Electric Power The...

Electric Current (I) The rate of flow of charge through any cross-section of a wire is called electric current flowing through it. Electric current (I) = q / t. Its SI unit is ampere (A). The conventional direction of electric current is...

Charge Charge is that property of an object by virtue of which it apply electrostatic force of interaction on other objects. Charges are of two types (i) Positive charge (ii) Negative charge Like charges repel and unlike charges...

Deforming Force A force which produces a change in configuration of the object on applying it, is called a deforming force. Elasticity Elasticity is that property of the object by virtue of which it regain its original configuration after...

Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is called the force of gravitation. Gravitation is one of the four classes of interactions found in nature. These are (i) the gravitational force (ii)...

Wave A wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. There are three types of waves Mechanical Waves Those waves which require a material medium...

Periodic Motion A motion which repeats itself identically after a fixed interval of time is called periodic motion. e.g., orbital motion of the earth around the sun, motion of arms of a clock, motion of a simple pendulum etc. Oscillatory...

Methods of Heat Transmission There are three methods of heat transmission (i) Conduction In solids, heat is transmitted from temperature to lower temperature without actual movements the particles. This mode of transmission of heat....