A colloid is a heterogeneous system in which one substance is dispersed (disperse phase) as very fine particles in another substance called dispersion medium. The study of the colloidal state of matter was started by Thomas...

Chemical reactions which involves both oxidation as well as reduction process simultaneously, are known as redox reactions (‘red’) from reduction and ‘ox’ from oxidation). All these reactions are always accompanied by energy...

The equilibrium established between the unionised molecules and the ions in the solution of weak electrolytes is called ionic equilibrium. e.g., CH3 COOH ⇔ CH3COO– + H– Electrolytes Chemrcal...

Physical and Chemical Processes Physical processes involve such changes, which only affects the physical properties of the substance undergoing changes but have no effect on the chemical composition and properties. Chemical processes involve...

The branch of science which deals with the quantitative relationship between heat and other forms of energies is called thermodynamics. Some Important Terms Related to Thermodynamics (i) System It refers to the part of universe in...

Chemical Bond It is defined as the attractive forces which hold the various chemical constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species. Bond forms to get the stability. with a release of energy. Kossel-Lewis Approach...

Hitherto five states of matter are known, viz, solid, liquid, gas, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. Out of these solid, liquid and gas are commonly found while remaining two are found only under specific conditions. Interconversion of States...

Classification of Elements With the discovery of a large number of elements, it became difficult to study the elements individually, so classification of elements was done to make the study easier. Earlier Attempts to Classify Elements Many...

Atom John Dalton proposed (in 1808) that atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter. Atomic radii are of the order of 10-8cm. It contain three subatomic particles namely electrons, protons and neutrons, Electron Electron was...

Chemistry It is the branch of science which deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is called the father of chemistry. Branches of Chemistry In addition to these biochemistry, war...