Mountains – Types,...cteristics, and Origin...n. They are formed due to tectonic forces, volca...processes, and usual...elevations, and significa...untains Formed by com...c eruptions and lava buil...untains Formed by upw...lava, ash, and volcanic...d mountains formed...

Island Arcs – Curved...f Volcanic Islands 🔹 D...ion: An island arc is a...islands that forms alo...earthquakes, and the formation of...anic plate is forced beneat...Water and sediments...Volcanic islands Formed by ris...on; volcanoes form o...

Rift Valley – A Deep Linear Valley Formed by Tectonic Forces 🔹...narrow depression formed when a...s due to tensional forces....A block of land between t...ks on either side, forming a gra...Valley Germany and Fr...

Hydrogeology: The Study of G...ion, movement, and propertie...cs, chemistry, and engin...soil and rock formations....es, fractures, and voids wit...essure and may form artesian...ntain both air and water....water Recharge and Discharge...dwater sources for dr...

Elementary Idea of Groundwa...paces of soil and rock bene...n of pressure and elevation...A geological formation...hat can store and transmit...the direction and rate of g...onal equation for understan...Simplified Form (for Vel...s homogeneous and isotropic...se principles form t...

Groundwater Resources of...he water demands for agricultu...mestic use, and industry....vial plains formed by riv...nga, Kosi, Gandak, an...thered rock formations....irrigation and urban wat...mary source for irrigatio...tube wells and hand pump...Public Awaren...s are vital for it...

Geological Consideratio...n of Dams and Tunnels...e success and stability...derations for each:...derations for Dam C...pressure and ensure lo...preferred for foundatio...Strength and Stability...stability and should be...derations for Tunnel Co...ust withstand excavatio...derations for dynamic l...tability, and lo...

The water table and the piezometric...ribe groundwater and how i...where the pores and fractures..., precipitation, and human act...ter availability for wells....ng the potential for contamina...Designing and managing...example in mind, feel f...

The Principles of Engineering Geology form the foun...ion of understanding how ge...g, designing, and const...1. Understanding Earth...aults, Folds, and Joints: T...d suitability for construct...Implications for groundwat...permeability, and water tab...ve techniques for su...

Vertical Distribution of Sub...ter saturation and its inter...tion with soil and rock....'s surface and above the...n. Essential for plant roo...ture available for plant roo...oil water zone and capillary...dwater, source for aquifers....for ecological and ag...