Mountains – Types, Cha...cteristics, and Origin 🔹 Definition:...rface that rise prominently abov...🔹 Types of Mountains (Based o...3. Volcanic Mountains Form...thrown along fault lines....Have a rounded, dome-like...

Island Arcs – Curved Chains of Volca...Islands 🔹 Definition:...rc is a curved chain of volcan...s process results in volcanic...The descending plate en...Formed by rising magma; m...e Deep-sea...

Rift Valley – A Deep Linear Valley...Forces 🔹 Definition:...between two diverging tectonic...s, especially within continent...either side, forming a graben...nt fault type; dip-slip faults...sia Rhine R...

Hydrogeology: The Study of...oundwater Definition...of groundwater in the Earth...emistry, and engineering to...k. It is stored in aquifers,...radients, following Darcy&rs...s) AAA = Cross-sectional a...by which water infiltrates...ds: Pump-and-...

Elementary Idea of Ground...of water within the pore...y differences in hydra...ter. Types include unco...r flow. Defined as h=z+...AΔhLQ = -kA \frac{\D.... AAA: Cross-sectional a...lta;h: Change in hydraulic...AΔhLQ = -kA \frac{\D...=−0.1 ...

..., a state in eastern India, is r...location in the fertile Indo-Gangetic p...from over-extraction,...Bihar Plains: Compris...oundwater in Bihar...n systems include tube...Over-Exploitatio...icts like Patna, Bhojp...reas like Patna are wi...ue to over-extraction...e the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali...ractices. Integrating tra...

Geological Considerations in the Constructio...Critical factors include:...ve strength and minimal susce...ults can lead to instability...d. Reservoir-Induced Sei...regions with pre-existing fa...em: Rock Mass Rating (RMR) an...ing In high-stre...

The water table and the piezometric...rface are concepts used in hydrogeol...and how it behaves within the Earth...Water Table Definition: The...man activities like pumping. In u...It is specific to confined...

The Principles of Engineering Geol...n of understanding how geol...teract with engineering pra...structures and infrastructu...s and their engineering pro...lity and tunneling. 3....al Methods: Non-invasive te...ing and mitigating risks su...ritical in long-term...

Vertical Distribution of Subsurfac...Earth's surface in distinct zon...h water, with the remaining space...nutrients. Sub-divisions:...r the surface, contains moisture...It serves as the main source...s plant roots, contains s...