Mountains – Types, Characteristics, and Origin 🔹 Definition: Mountains are natural elevations of the Earth's surface that rise prominently above the surrounding terrain. They are formed due to tectonic forces, volcanic activity, or...

Island Arcs – Curved Chains of Volcanic Islands 🔹 Definition: An island arc is a curved chain of volcanic islands that forms along a subduction zone, where an oceanic plate sinks beneath another oceanic plate. This process results in...

Rift Valley – A Deep Linear Valley Formed by Tectonic Forces 🔹 Definition: A rift valley is a long, narrow depression formed when a block of the Earth’s crust subsides (drops down) between two diverging tectonic plates due to...

Hydrogeology: The Study of Groundwater Definition Hydrogeology is the branch of geology that deals with the distribution, movement, and properties of groundwater in the Earth's subsurface. It combines principles of geology, hydrology,...

Elementary Idea of Groundwater Flow Groundwater flow refers to the movement of water within the pore spaces of soil and rock beneath the Earth's surface. It is driven by differences in hydraulic head (a combination of pressure and elevation)....

Groundwater Resources of Bihar Bihar, a state in eastern India, is rich in groundwater resources due to its geographic location in the fertile Indo-Gangetic plains. Groundwater plays a crucial role in meeting the water demands for agriculture,...

Geological Considerations in the Construction of Dams and Tunnels The success and stability of dams and tunnels depend heavily on the geological conditions at the site. Here are the primary geological considerations for each: 1. Geological...

The water table and the piezometric surface are concepts used in hydrogeology to describe groundwater and how it behaves within the Earth's subsurface. Here's a breakdown of each term: Water Table Definition: The water table is...

The Principles of Engineering Geology form the foundation of understanding how geological factors interact with engineering practices. These principles guide engineers in assessing, planning, designing, and constructing structures and infrastructure...

Vertical Distribution of Subsurface Water Subsurface water is distributed beneath the Earth's surface in distinct zones based on the degree of water saturation and its interaction with soil and rock. These zones are the zone of aeration and...

Origin and Types of Groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath the Earth's surface in soil pore spaces, fractures, and rock formations. It originates from various sources and is classified into distinct types based on its origin and...

Permeability Permeability is the measure of a material's ability to transmit fluids through its interconnected pores or fractures. It reflects how easily a fluid can move within a rock, sediment, or soil, and is typically measured in units...

Porosity is the measure of the void spaces (pores) within a rock or sediment. It is expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the material and determines the capacity of the material to store fluids like water, oil, or gas. Types of...

JEE Main Friction Previous Year Questions with Solutions Q1: During peddling of a bicycle, the force of friction exerted by the ground on the two wheels is such that it acts (a) in the backward direction on the front wheel and in the forward...

Laws in India for Sexual Harassment at Workplace India has a robust legal framework to address sexual harassment at the workplace, emphasizing prevention, prohibition, and redressal. The key legislation is the Sexual Harassment of Women at...