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The principle of a hot air oven revolves around the use of dry heat for sterilization or drying processes. It operates by circulating hot air within a sealed chamber, ensuring uniform heat distribution. This method is effective for eliminating microorganisms and moisture from materials like glassware, metal instruments, or powders. Hot air ovens maintain consistent temperatures, typically ranging from 50°C to 300°C, making them ideal for laboratories, research facilities, and industrial applications. The precise mechanism ensures reliable and efficient results without compromising material integrity.