Hydrogeology: The Study of Ground...the branch of geology th...movement, and properties of groundwate...chemistry, and engineeri...Occurrence of Groundwate...fractures, and voids w...n both air and wat...AAA = Cross-sectional...= Distance of flow (m)...thickness of aquifer)...r Recharge and...Pump-and...

Elementary Idea of G...movement of water...re spaces of soil and rock bene...mbination of pressure and elevation...can store and transmit...ercentage of void spa...it weight of wate...direction and rate of...lta;hLQ = -kA \frac{\...AAA: Cross-sectional...sumptions of Darcy&#3...mogeneous and...lta;hLQ = -kA...

Groundwater Resources of Bihar Bihar, a sta...rtile Indo-Gangetic pl...from over-extraction,...Features of Groundwater in Bihar G...North Bihar Plains:...a, Kosi, Gandak, and Ba...at depths of 5–...rrigation and urb...tion as % of Availabi...ube wells and hand pu...Over-Exploitati...in North Bihar suffe...

Geological Consider...struction of Dams and Tunnels...e success and stability of dams and t...pressure and ensure lo...Strength and Stability...Treatment of fractured...stability and should...ientation of rock...Reservoir-Induced Se...s with pre-existing f...ust withstand excavat...nd nature of folds ca...In high-str...

The water table and the piezometric...ribe groundwater and how it be...39;s a breakdown of each term:...he upper surface of the zone...where the pores and fra...w). The level o..., precipitation, and human a...Designing and...Influence of P...

The Principles of Engineering...foundation of understanding how ge...designing, and construct...1. Understanding Earth...Types of Rocks: C...ng the role of mine...lts, Folds, and Joints:...rmeability, and water t...ubsurface profiles. G...Methods: Non-inv...ical in long-ter...

Vertical Distribution 202643">of Subsurface Wa...n the degree 202643">of water saturation 202646">and its inter...on with soil 202646">and rock. The...are the zone 202643">of aeration a...39;s surface 202646">and above t...nts. Sub202649">-divisi...l water zone 202646">and capilla...2. Zone 202643">of Saturati...Zone 202643">of A...r ecological 202646">and...

Origin and Types of Groundwater...fractures, and rock form...us sources and is classi...ajor types of groundwate...ric water, and vadose wa...been part of the Eart...ies or deep-seated...gma or deep-seated roc...the pores of sediment...ter bodies and is isol...rs, lakes, and melting...rated zone of t...re, mineral-ric...

Permeability Per...e measure of a material...or soil, and is typica...st be well-connected....viscosity and density....alignment of flow pat...than fine-graine...Fractures and Cracks:...erwise low-permeabili...Presence of Impermea...). Silt and Clay: V...tures are open (10&mi...AA = Cross-sec...= Length of f...

Porosity is the measure of the void spaces...as a percentage of the total...of the material and determines the capacity of the mate...terials (e.g., sands) a...mple: Fractures and joints...ns (e.g., sand) often have...ng: Well-sor...g down minerals and...