9. Wave Optics - Physics Class 12th Notes Wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion....

8. Ray Optics - Physics Class 12th Notes Light Light is a form of energy eyes. which produces the Sources of light are of three types-thermal sources and luminescent sources. Photometry is a branch measurement of light...

7. Alternating Currents - Physics Class 12th Notes Transient Current An electric current which vary for a small finite time, while growing from zero to maximum or decaying from maximum to zero, is called a transient current. Growth of Current in...

6. Electromagnetic Induction - Physics Class 12th Notes (i) Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes, an induced emf is produced in it. (ii) The induced emf lasts so long as the change in magnetic flux continues. (iii) The...

5. Magnetism - Physics Class 12th Notes The property of any object by virtue of which it can attract a piece of iron or steel is called magnetism. Natural Magnet A natural magnet is an ore of iron (Fe3O4), which attracts small pieces of iron,...

4. Magnetic Effect of Current - Physics Class 12th Notes Oersted’s Experiment A magnetic field is produced in the surrounding of any current carrying conductor. The direction of this magnetic field can be obtained by Ampere’s swimming...

3. Heating and Chemical Effects of Current - Physics Class 12th Notes Heating Effects of Current When current 1 flows through a conductor of resistance R for a time t then heat generated in it is given by where, V = potential difference applied...

2. Current Electricity - Physics Class 12th Notes Electric Current (I) The rate of flow of charge through any cross-section of a wire is called electric current flowing through it. Electric current (I) = q / t. Its SI unit is ampere (A). The...

2. Solutions - Chemistry Class 12th Notes Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in same or different physical phases. The substances forming the solution are called components of the solution. On the basis of number of...

The Solid State - Chemistry Class 12th Notes Solids are the chemical substances which are characterised by define shape and volume, rigidity, high density, low compressibility. The constituent particles (atoms, molecules or ions) are closely packed...